1.
Policy and Legal Issues
- Lack of coordination among
government agencies
- Conflicting policy issuances
of different agencies
- Lack of integrated planning
of a Coastal Zone Management Plan
- Inadequate site specific
policies
- Conflicting land and water
use
- Overlapping jurisdiction |
1.1
Review National Marine Policy to harmonize with provisions of the UNCLOS
and other conflicting policy issuances at the national and local levels,
involving stakeholders |
National
Marine Policy adopted |
1996
- 2002 |
DENR,
DA, LGUs, DFA, NEDA, NGOs |
1.2
Work for the passage of the Fisheries Code that recognizes the primacy of
fishing communities in the management of and access to marine resources |
Draft
Fisheries Code reviewed and revised, in consultation with congress |
1997 |
DA,
DENR, NGOs/POs, communities |
1.3
Prepare a Comprehensive coastal Zone Management Plan at the national,
regional and local levels with genuine participation of communities
(delineating areas for household, residential and business) in all phases
of the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes |
Comprehensive
Coastal Zone Management Plan implemented to include establishment of
marine protected areas, promotion of community-based resource management
and ecotourism |
1997 |
DENR,
DA, NEDA, LGUs |
1.4
Formulate policies regarding nearshore areas which can be delineated for
various purposes, including mangroves, reclamation and tourism |
Relevant
policies formulated |
1997 |
DA,
DENR, DILG, NGOs |
Guidelines
on the responsibilities/jurisdiction of various agencies regarding
mangroves, coastal and offshore resources formulated |
1997 |
DA,
DENR, DILG, NGOs, POs, communities |
|
1.5
Identify priority areas and set targets for:
(a) coral reef rehabilitation
(b) mangrove reforestation
(c) seagrass rehabilitation
(d) swampland |
10%
of degraded area rehabilitated per year depending on existing local
situation |
|
|
|
1.6
Evaluate FLAs to determine their productivity with the objective of
canceling unsustainable ones and reverting these to mangroves |
Unsustainable/unproductive
fishponds reverted to mangroves/public domain
Provision of FLA enforced
Unproductive FLAs cancelled |
1998 |
DA,
DENR, DILG, NGOs, POs, communities |
|
1.7
Review intensively existing bilateral agreements especially those
affecting fisheries management and immediately institute measures to
correct such violations |
Review
completed and recommendations forwarded to appropriate bodies
EO 473 cancelled |
1997 |
DFA,
DND, LGUs, communities |
|
1.8
Evaluation of existing fishing methods in relation to the sustainability
of the fisheries resource |
Rules
and regulations on fishing methods revised |
|
LGUs |
|
1.9
Evaluation of culture technologies in relation to the sustainability of
the resource and its impact to the environment |
MCS
implemented in strategic areas |
|
DA,
DILG, NGOs |
|
1.10
Develop anti-poaching/illegal fishing plans funded by municipal
resolutions, and developed in a participatory manner |
|
1997 |
|
|
1.11
Adoption of Monitoring Control and Surveillance (MCS) system for the
country |
New
rules on the industry formulated and enforced |
1998 |
|
|
1.12
Review rules/regulations on shells, shellcraft and livefish trade |
|
|
|
2.
Uncoordinated and conflicting uses of the coastal and marine ecosystems
- Enforcement
- Unsustainable
technologies/approaches |
2.1
Adopt and utilize an ecosystems approach in the management of coastal and
marine areas/resources |
Carrying
capacity studies conducted |
1997 |
DENR,
DA, Academe/Research Institutions, LGUs, PEA, DPWH |
2.2
Conduct carrying capacity studies of priority coastal areas including
containing studies on the size, distribution, recruitment levels and
interaction among the different fishery resources |
Research
funds allocated |
long
term |
DA-BFAR,
Academe, LGUs, DENR, DOST |
|
2.3
Ensure access to scientific and technical researches on the ecosystems
approach especially those simplified for use of developing countries
(i.e., ICLARM studies) |
|
medium
term - continuing |
DENR,
DA, LGUs, DOST, Academe |
|
2.4
Conduct programmatic EIA for coastal and marine development projects |
Guidelines/criteria
on types of projects for coastal and marine formulated |
1997 |
DENR-MGB,
DPWH, DA, DOST, Academe |
|
2.5
Strictly enforce protection measures for the coastal/marine resources |
Fishing
gear restrictions strictly enforced and capability for enforcement
enhanced |
1996
onwards |
DENR,
DA, LGUs, NGOs, communities |
|
2.6
Modernize the Bantay-Dagat Program |
NGOs,/POs
deputized
Equipment and monitoring facilities
upgraded and installed
|
1997 |
DND,
DENR, DA |
|
2.7
Provide mechanisms to facilitate fishery cases |
Special
prosecutor assigned to handle fishery-related cases |
1997 |
|
|
2.8
Penalize violators of marine and fisheries laws (e.g., muro ami) thru
criminal liability |
Appropriate
legislative/administrative instruments enacted |
|
|
3.
Deterioration of shore and water quality due to pollution, sedimentation
and costal erosion |
3.1
Include adjacent watersheds in the delineation of marine reserves and
coastal areas |
Guidelines
developed and implemented |
1997 |
LGUs,
DENR, DA, NGOs, POs |
3.2
Formulate an appropriate action plan for protection of marine environment
from land-based activity |
Action
Plan formulated |
|
|
|
3.3
Establish monitoring of pollution and sedimentation patterns and rates |
|
|
|
|
3.4
Develop plans and measures to prevent accidental release of oils,
particularly from coastal refineries and capacities to respond to such
accidents (see also Urban) |
DS
parameters operationalized in development of plans and measures |
|
|
|
3.5
Undertake intensive coastal geomorphical studies in critical areas |
Studies
undertaken and recommendations implemented |
|
|
|
3.6
Review and evaluate existing and proposed development plans of economic
growth centers to ensure adherence to SD principles and parameters (e.g.
Cagayan-Iligan Corridor, Cebu Triangle, etc.) |
PD
984 strictly implemented
EIA system strictly implemented
Genuine public
consultation/dialogues particularly with affected communities conducted
Community-based multisectoral
monitoring bodies created |
|
|
4.
Socio-Economic Issues
- Poverty
- Lack of viable livelihood
options
- Lack of basic health and
social services
- Competition for local
resources
- Lack of appreciation of the
importance of coastal resources/ecosystems |
4.1
Review fisheries lending schemes and provide accessible credit facilities |
Accessible
alternative credit facilities provided |
|
DENR,
cooperatives, rural banks, Land Bank, TLRC, LGUs, NGOs/POs, PIA, DECS, DA |
4.2
Conduct research and development for identification/provision of
alternative livelihood |
|
|
4.3
Provide training for business enterprise management and technology
transfer |
Trainings
conducted |
|
|
4.4
Develop mechanisms that would increase/facilitate access to basic social
service |
Improved
infrastructures and facilities provided
Social infrastructures strengthened |
|
DOH,
DSWD |
4.5
Develop mechanisms that provide equity in access to coastal resources |
Mechanisms
providing equity in access to coastal resources developed and formulated |
|
DENR,
DA, NEDA, LGUs, NGOs, POs |
4.6
Promote the active participation of all sectors in planning for the
management of coastal resources/ecosystems |
|
|
DENR,
DA, PIA, NGOs/POs, DECS, PCAMRRD |
4.7
Conduct extensive and intensive IEC on coastal/marine resources
conservation |
|
|
|
|
4.8 Integration
of Coastal/Marine ecosystem on both formal and non-formal education
curriculum |
IEC
and training modules/textbooks developed |
|
|
5.
Lack of capacity to effectively manage coastal and marine ecosystems
- Inadequate technical
capability
- Lack of long-term monitoring
and research program |
Institute
capacity building and information support measures to enable the
communities to participate in the management of coastal and marine
ecosystem |
Nationwide
skills upgrading, training on coastal and marine ecosystems management
conducted |
1996
- 2002 |
DA,
DENR, Academe, LGUs, research institutions, DOST, NGOs |
5.1
Coordinate with research institutions/academes on upgrading skills of
staff and workers on the management of coastal and marine resources |
|
|
|
5.2
Organize multi-sectoral monitoring team to regularly assess the status of
the area and to evaluate impacts of activities/projects on the resources
and environment |
Strengthen
at least one multi-sectoral team per province |
|
|
-Lack
of capable and knowledgeable workers to assist local communities
- Data/Information not
organized and accessible |
5.3
Train communities to gather data/information on simple coastal and marine
attributes, especially coastal and marine biodiversity |
Communities
trained to gather data on coastal/marine attributes |
1996
- 2002 |
DA,
DENR, Academe, LGUs, research institutions, DOST, NGOs |
5.4
Develop and maintain databases fro assessment and management of coastal
and marine ecosystem |
Databases
developed and updated regularly |
1996
- onwards |
-
do - |
|
5.5
Develop and enhance capability in the use of state of the art planning and
management tools such as GIS, GPS and the like |
Communities
trained on the use of management tools |
|
DENR,
DA |
|
5.6
Provide easy access to information by linking stakeholders to electronic
networks |
Existing
research and information network (e.g. PCAMRD, local centers) strengthened
and expanded |
1997
- 1998 |
DENR,
DA, Academe/research institutions, DOST |
|
5.7
Develop, adopt and share analytical and predictive tools such as stock
assessment and bioeconomic models |
|
|
|
|
5.8
Develop scientific and technological capabilities for coastal and marine
researches, monitoring and equipment |
|
|
|
|
5.9
Provide technical and financial traditional knowledge of marine living
resources and fishing techniques |
|
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